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显示滑翔伞各部分的横截面：

1）上表面

2）下表面

3）肋骨

4）对角肋

5）上线级联

6）中线串级

7）下线级联

8）立管

滑翔伞的机翼或机盖通常在工程上称为“冲压空气翼型”。这样的翼包括两层织物，它们以形成一排网孔的方式连接到内部支撑材料上。通过使大多数舱室*在前缘处敞开，进入的空气使机翼保持充气状态，从而保持其形状。充气时，机翼的横截面具有典型的泪滴翼型形状。现代滑翔伞的机翼是由高性能的无孔材料制成的，例如尼龙纤维。

在某些现代滑翔伞（从1990年开始中，尤其是性能更高的机翼中，前缘的某些舱室被封闭以形成更干净的空气动力学轮廓。内部肋骨上的孔允许空气从开孔到这些闭孔的自由流动，以使它们膨胀，并向也闭合的翼尖膨胀。

飞行员通过悬吊线网络支撑在机翼下方。这些从两根短的（40厘米）长的坚固织带制成的立管开始。每组由一个登山扣固定在吊带上，飞行员的每一侧上各有一个，每个组的立管通常*从机翼一侧的一行上连接到绳索上。在该组的每个立管的末端，都有一个小三角洲的马龙，上面挂有数行（2 – 5）条线，形成一个风扇。这些线通常长4 – 5米，末端连接到大约2 m的另外2 – 4条线上，这些线又连接到一组更细的细线上。在某些情况下，对第四级联重复此操作。

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滑翔伞在“大耳朵”机动

在不加速的情况下，正常飞行会拉动外部A线，使翼尖向内折叠，这将大大减小滑行角，而前进速度*会小幅下降。随着有效机翼面积的减小，机翼载荷增加，并且变得更加稳定。但是，迎角增加了，飞行器更接近失速速度，但是可以通过应用速度杆来改善，这也增加了下降速度。释放管路时，机翼会重新膨胀。如有必要，在制动器上短暂抽气有助于重新进入正常飞行。与其他技术相比，机翼大了，机翼仍然向前滑动，这使飞行员可以离开危险区域。例如，如果飞行员必须抵抗斜坡上的上升气流，这种方式甚至可以降落。

B线失速

在B线停转中，从前缘/前端起的第二组立管（B线）**于其他立管被下拉，其中特定的线用于启动停转。这在翼上产生翼展方向的折痕，从而使气流与翼的上表面分离。它显着降低了顶篷产生的升力，从而导致更高的下降率。这可能是费力的动作，因为必须将这些B线保持在该位置，并且机翼的张力会在这些线上施加向上的力。必须小心处理这些线的释放，以免引起机翼向前飞快射击，然后飞行员可能掉入其中。现在这已经不那么流行了，因为它在机翼的内部结构上引起了高负荷。

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The top of each line is attached to small

fabric loops sewn into the structure of the wing, which are generally arranged

in rows running span-wise (i.e., side to side). The row of lines nearest the

front are known as the A lines, the next row back the B lines, and so on.[14] A

typical wing will have A, B, C and D lines, but recently, there has been a

tendency to reduce the rows of lines to three, or even two (and experimentally

to one), to reduce drag.

Paraglider lines are usually made from

Dyneema/Spectra or Kevlar/Aramid.[14] Although they look rather slender, these

materials are immensely strong. For example, a single 0.66 mm-diameter line

(about the thinnest used) can have a breaking strength of 56 kg.[15]

Paraglider wings typically have an area of

20–35 square metres (220–380 sq ft) with a span of 8–12 metres (26–39 ft) and

weigh 3–7 kilograms (6.6–15.4 lb). Combined weight of wing, harness, reserve,

instruments, helmet, etc. is around 12–22 kilograms (26–49 lb).

Land-based practice: Kiting

About that time, David Barish was

developing the "sail wing" (single-surface wing) for recovery of NASA

space capsules – "slope soaring was a way of testing out ... the Sail

Wing."[5] After tests on Hunter Mountain, New York, in September 1965, he

went on to promote slope soaring as a summer activity for ski resorts.[6][7]

Author Walter Neumark wrote Operating

Procedures for Ascending Parachutes, and in 1973 he and a group of enthusiasts

with a passion for tow-launching PCs and ram-air parachutes broke away from the

British Parachute Association to form the British Association of Parascending Clubs

(which later became the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association). In

1997, Neumark was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club of the UK.

Authors Patrick Gilligan (Canada) and Bertrand Dubuis (Switzerland) wrote the

first flight manual, The Paragliding Manual in 1985, coining the word

paragliding.

The next step in the launch is to bring the

wing into the lift zone. There are two techniques for accomplishing this

depending on wind conditions. In light wind this is usually done after turning

to the front, steering with the feet towards the low wing tip, and applying

light brakes in a natural sense to keep the wing horizontal. In stronger wind

conditions it is often found to be easier to remain facing downwind while

moving slowly and steadily backwards into the wind.

Knees bent to load the wing, foot

adjustments to remain central and minimum use of Cs or Brakes to keep the wing

horizontal. Pirouette when the feet are close to lifting. This option has two

distinct advantages. a) The pilot can see the wing centre marker (an aid to

centring the feet) and, if necessary, b) the pilot can move briskly towards the

wing to assist with an emergency deflation.

With either method it is essential to check

"traffic" across the launch face before committing to flight.

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Paragliders are unique among human-carrying

aircraft in being easily portable. The complete equipment packs into a rucksack

and can be carried easily on the pilot's back, in a car, or on public

transport.[14] In comparison with other air sports, this substantially

simplifies travel to a suitable takeoff spot, the selection of a landing place

and return travel.

Tandem paragliders, designed to carry the

pilot and one passenger, are larger but otherwise similar. They usually fly

faster with higher trim speeds, are more resistant to collapse, and have a

slightly higher sink rate compared to solo paragliders.

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