滑翔伞是飞行滑翔伞的娱乐和竞争性冒险运动:轻巧,自由飞行,脚踩滑翔机,没有刚性的基本结构[1]。
飞行员坐在悬挂在机翼下方的安全带中。
悬挂线,进入机翼前部通风孔的空气压力以及流过外部的空气的空气动力保持了机翼的形状。
尽管不使用发动机,滑翔伞飞行仍可持续数小时,飞行数百公里,尽管更常见的是飞行一到两个小时,飞行数十公里。
通过熟练地利用升力源,飞行员可以增加身高,通常会爬升到几千米的高度。
1954年,沃尔特·纽马克(Walter
Neumark)预测(在《飞行》杂志上的一篇文章),滑翔机飞行员“能够通过在悬崖边缘或斜坡上奔跑来发动自己……无论是在美国的攀岩假期中,
斯凯岛或阿尔卑斯山滑雪。”
1961年,法国工程师Pierre Lemongine制作了改进的降落伞设计,从而设计了Para-Commander。 PC的后部和侧面均设有切口,可将其拖入空中并进行操纵,从而实现滑翔伞运动。
多米娜·贾伯特(Domina Jalbert)发明了Parafoil,它具有呈翼型形状的切片细胞。 敞开式前缘和封闭式后缘,通过空气而膨胀-冲压空气设计。 他于1963年1月10日提交了美国专利3131894。 连云港专业滑翔伞新报价
Harness
A pilot with harness (light blue),
performing a reverse launch
The pilot is loosely and comfortably
buckled into a harness, which offers support in both the standing and sitting
positions. Most harnesses have foam or airbag protectors underneath the seat
and behind the back to reduce the impact on failed launches or landings. Modern
harnesses are designed to be as comfortable as a lounge chair in the sitting or
reclining position. Many harnesses even have an adjustable "lumbar
support". A reserve parachute is also typically connected to a paragliding
harness.
Harnesses also vary according to the need
of the pilot, and thereby come in a range of designs, mostly: Training harness
for beginners, Pax harness for tandem passengers that often also doubles as a
training harness, XC Harness for long distance cross country flights, All round
harness for basic to intermediate pilots, Pod harness, which is for
intermediate to pro pilots that focus on XC. Acro harnesses are special designs
for acrobatic pilots, Kids tandem harnesses are also now available with special
child-proof locks.
长宁区官方滑翔伞价格
In some modern paragliders (from the 1990s
onwards), especially higher-performance wings, some of the cells of the leading
edge are closed to form a cleaner aerodynamic profile. Holes in the internal
ribs allow a free flow of air from the open cells to these closed cells to
inflate them, and also to the wingtips, which are also closed.[13]
The pilot is supported underneath the wing
by a network of suspension lines. These start with two sets of risers made of
short (40 cm) lengths of strong webbing. Each set is attached to the harness by
a carabiner, one on each side of the pilot, and each riser of a set is generally
attached to lines from only one row of its side of wing. At the end of each
riser of the set, there is a small delta maillon with a number (2 – 5) of lines
attached, forming a fan. These are typically 4 – 5 metres long, with the end
attached to 2 − 4 further lines of around 2 m, which are again joined to a
group of smaller, thinner lines. In some cases this is repeated for a fourth
cascade.
This can be very dangerous, because now the
forces on the line have to be controlled by the moving object itself, which is
almost impossible to do, unless stretchy rope and a pressure/tension meter
(dynamometer) is used. Static line towing with stretchy rope and a load cell as
a tension meter has been used in Poland, Ukraine, Russia, and other Eastern
European countries for over twenty years (under the name Malinka) with about
the same safety record as other forms of towing.[21] One more form of towing is
hand towing. This is where 1−3 people pull a paraglider using a tow rope of up
to 500 feet. The stronger the wind, the fewer people are needed for a
successful hand tow.[22] Tows up to 300 feet have been accomplished, allowing
the pilot to get into a lift band of a nearby ridge or row of buildings and
ridge-soar in the lift the same way as with a regular foot launch.[23]
The glide ratio of paragliders ranges from
9.3 for recreational wings to about 11.3 for modern competition models,[16]
reaching in some cases up to 13.[17] For comparison, a typical skydiving
parachute will achieve about 3:1 glide. A hang glider ranges from 9.5 for
recreational wings to about 16.5 for modern competition models. An idling
(gliding) Cessna 152 light aircraft will achieve 9:1. Some sailplanes can
achieve a glide ratio of up to 72:1.
The speed range of paragliders is typically
20–75 kilometres per hour (12–47 mph), from stall speed to maximum speed.
Beginner wings will be in the lower part of this range, high-performance wings
in the upper part of the range.[note 2]
For storage and carrying, the wing is
usually folded into a stuffsack (bag), which can then be stowed in a large
backpack along with the harness. For pilots who may not want the added weight
or fuss of a backpack, some modern harnesses include the ability to turn the
harness inside out such that it becomes a backpack.
虹口区官方滑翔伞价格
连云港专业滑翔伞新报价
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连云港专业滑翔伞新报价
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